雪
冷
天
雨
LESSON 12 · 对外汉语 · NEW HSK 3.0
Zuótiān xià xuě le
昨天下雪了
It snowed yesterday
1
能听懂并描述天气情况。Be able to understand and describe weather conditions.
2
能听懂并简单描述病情。Be able to understand and briefly describe the medical condition.
3
掌握语气助词"了（1）"的用法。Master the use of the modal particle "了 (1)".
4
掌握"太……了"格式的用法。Master the use of the "太……了" pattern.
5
了解生病时中国人建议"喝些热水"的好处。Understand the benefits of "drinking some warm water", as advised by Chinese people during illness.
Scene: 王一雪给王一飞打电话，询问王一飞那边的情况。
Wang Yixue was calling Wang Yifei to ask about the situation on her end.
王雪
王一雪 Wáng Yīxuě
今天天气怎么样？
Jīntiān tiānqì zěnmeyàng?
How's the weather today?
王飞
王一飞 Wáng Yīfēi
这里的天不太好，下雨了。
Zhèlǐ de tiān bú tài hǎo, xià yǔ le.
It's not great here. It's raining.
王雪
王一雪 Wáng Yīxuě
雨大吗？
Yǔ dà ma?
Is it raining heavily?
王飞
王一飞 Wáng Yīfēi
有点儿大，我觉得很冷。
Yǒudiǎnr dà, wǒ juéde hěn lěng.
A bit, and I feel really cold.
①
tiānqì
天气
n.
weather
▶ tap
②
zhèlǐ
这里
pron.
here
▶ tap
③
tiān
天
n.
weather / sky
▶ tap
④
xià yǔ
下雨
v.
to rain
▶ tap
⑤
le
了
part.
change of state particle
▶ tap
⑦
yǒudiǎnr
有点儿
adv.
rather; a bit
▶ tap
⑧
juéde
觉得
v.
feel; think
▶ tap
1
非主谓句 Non-Subject-Predicate Sentences
非主谓句是由词或短语构成、不分主语和谓语的句子，口语中常用。
Non-subject-predicate sentences are composed of words or phrases without distinct subjects or predicates, and are commonly used in colloquial speech.
These sentences express a situation or state directly, without a clear grammatical subject.
Common in everyday Chinese conversation.
▶ 大声朗读 Read aloud
（1）下雨了。It's raining.
（2）下雪了。It's snowing.
（3）上课了。Class has started.
（4）真漂亮！Really beautiful!
（5）对不起！Sorry!
（6）没关系！Never mind!
2
语气助词"了（1）" Modal Particle 了 (1)
语气助词"了（1）"位于句子末尾或句中停顿的地方，表示有变化或出现新情况。否定回答用"没"，句尾不用"了"。
The modal particle "了 (1)" is placed at the end of a sentence or at a pause within a sentence to indicate a change or a new situation. For negative responses, "没" is used, and "了" is omitted at the end.
Structure: Sentence + 了 (change / new situation)
Negative: 没 + Verb (no 了 at end)
💡 Key: 了 here is NOT the perfective 了. It signals that something has changed or newly occurred. Example: 下雨了 = "It has started raining (change from before)."
▶ 大声朗读 Read aloud
（1）下雨了。It started raining.
（2）十二点了，吃午饭吧。It's noon, let's have lunch.
（3）A：弟弟起床了吗？B：没起床呢。Has your brother gotten up? Not yet.
Scene: 在公司电梯里，王一雪和杨同乐在聊天儿。
In the company elevator, Wang Yixue and Yang Tongle were chatting.
王雪
王一雪 Wáng Yīxuě
昨天下雪了。
Zuótiān xià xuě le.
It snowed yesterday.
杨乐
杨同乐 Yáng Tónglè
是的，太冷了。
Shì de, tài lěng le.
Yes, it was so cold.
王雪
王一雪 Wáng Yīxuě
你昨天没来公司，生病了？
Nǐ zuótiān méi lái gōngsī, shēngbìng le?
You didn't come to the company yesterday. Were you feeling unwell?
杨乐
杨同乐 Yáng Tónglè
对，我昨天去医院看病了。
Duì, wǒ zuótiān qù yīyuàn kànbìng le.
Yes, I went to the hospital to see a doctor.
⑩
xià
下
v.
come down; fall
▶ tap
⑬
gōngsī
公司
n.
company
▶ tap
⑭
shēngbìng
生病
v.
fall ill
▶ tap
⑮
kànbìng
看病
v.
see a doctor
▶ tap
3
"太……了"格式 "太……了" Pattern
"太……了"用于感叹程度很高或很深。
The "太……了" pattern expresses a very high or intense degree of exclamation.
Structure: 太 + Adjective/Stative Verb + 了！
Equivalent to "too…!" or "so…!" in English — expresses strong emotion or degree.
💡 Unlike a simple adjective sentence, 太……了 always adds emotional weight — surprise, complaint, admiration, etc.
⚠️ Note: 太……了 can sometimes mean "too" (excessively) depending on context. e.g. 太贵了 = "Too expensive!"
▶ 大声朗读 Read aloud
（1）太冷了！So cold!
（2）这个杯子太小了。This cup is too small.
（3）我们今天太高兴了！We're so happy today!
Scene: 昨天在医院，医生给杨同乐看病。
Yesterday at the hospital, the doctor examined Yang Tongle.
杨乐
杨同乐 Yáng Tónglè
医生，我病了。
Yīshēng, wǒ bìng le.
Doctor, I'm not feeling well.
胡医
胡医生 Hú Yīshēng
我看看。你觉得怎么样？
Wǒ kànkan. Nǐ juéde zěnmeyàng?
Let me take a look. How are you feeling?
杨乐
杨同乐 Yáng Tónglè
我很冷。
Wǒ hěn lěng.
I feel very cold.
胡医
胡医生 Hú Yīshēng
好的，吃一点儿药，今天休息半天吧。
Hǎo de, chī yīdiǎnr yào, jīntiān xiūxi bàn tiān ba.
Alright. Take some medicine and rest for half a day today.
杨乐
杨同乐 Yáng Tónglè
好的。
Hǎo de.
OK.
胡医
胡医生 Hú Yīshēng
回家后再喝些热水。
Huí jiā hòu zài hē xiē rè shuǐ.
Make sure to drink some warm water after you get home.
🍵 文化提示 Culture Tip: 中国人喜欢喝热水，认为喝热水更健康。Chinese people like drinking warm water and believe that it is healthier.
⑯
bìng
病
v.
fall ill; be sick
▶ tap
⑰
yīdiǎnr
一点儿
num-m.
some; a little
▶ tap
⑱
yào
药
n.
medicine
▶ tap
⑳
huí
回
v.
return; go back
▶ tap
㉑
zài
再
adv.
then; only then
▶ tap
㉓
rè
热
adj.
hot; warm
▶ tap
选词填空 Choose the proper words to fill in the blanks.
根据课文内容回答问题 Answer the questions according to the text.
（1）昨天天气怎么样？ How was the weather yesterday?
（2）杨同乐昨天做了什么？ What did Yang Tongle do yesterday?
（3）杨同乐生病了吗？ Is Yang Tongle sick?
（4）看病后，杨同乐回家要做什么？What should Yang Tongle do at home after seeing the doctor?
角色扮演 Role-Play
两人一组，一个人扮演医生，另一个人扮演病人，病人来看病。
Work in pairs. One student plays the doctor, and the other plays the patient who sees the doctor.
💡 小语的例子 Xiaoyu's Example
病人
病人 Patient
医生，我病了。
Doctor, I'm not feeling well.
医生
医生 Doctor
我看看。你觉得冷不冷？
Let me take a look. Do you feel cold?
病人
病人 Patient
有点儿冷。
A bit cold.
医生
医生 Doctor
好的，吃一点儿药吧。
Alright, take some medicine.
💬 Useful expressions:
我病了。
我觉得很冷。
吃一点儿药吧。
太冷了！
喝些热水。
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