影
看
了
电
LESSON 14 · 对外汉语 · NEW HSK 3.0
Wǒ kànle yí gè diànyǐng
我看了一个电影
I watched a movie
1
能听懂并使用动态助词"了（2）"表示动作行为已经发生或完成。Be able to understand and use the aspect particle "了(2)" to express the occurrence or completion of an action.
2
掌握范围副词"都"的用法。Master the use of the scope adverb "都".
3
掌握部分离合词的基本用法。Master the basic use of some separable words.
4
了解并能描述学习情况。Understand and be able to describe learning process.
Scene: 在教室里，下课后，白家月和陈天中在谈论上一次课外旅行。
After class, Bai Jiayue and Chen Tianzhong were talking about their last school trip in the classroom.
白月
白家月 Bái Jiāyuè
你们上火车后看见王老师了吗？
Nǐmen shàng huǒchē hòu kànjiàn Wáng lǎoshī le ma?
Did you see Ms. Wang after boarding the train?
陈中
陈天中 Chén Tiānzhōng
没看见。中午车开后，有些人在看书，有些人睡觉了。
Méi kànjiàn. Zhōngwǔ chē kāi hòu, yǒuxiē rén zài kàn shū, yǒuxiē rén shuìjiào le.
No, we didn't. After the train departed at noon, some people were reading, while others fell asleep.
白月
白家月 Bái Jiāyuè
你呢？
Nǐ ne?
What about you?
陈中
陈天中 Chén Tiānzhōng
我看了一个电影。
Wǒ kànle yí gè diànyǐng.
I watched a movie.
💡 小语助力 Xiaoyu's Tip: 本课"有些"也可以说"有的"。In this lesson, "有些" can also be expressed as "有的".
①
shàng
上v.
go up; board
▶ tap
④
kāi
开v.
depart; leave
▶ tap
⑤
yǒuxiē
有些pron.
some (of a group)
▶ tap
⑦
le
了part.
completion of action
▶ tap
1
动态助词"了（2）" Aspect Particle 了 (2)
动态助词"了（2）"在动词后，表示动作行为已经发生或完成。否定时用"没"，不加"了"。
The aspect particle "了(2)" is placed after a verb to indicate that an action has occurred or been completed. When negating, "没" is used instead, and "了" is omitted.
Structure: Subject + Verb + 了 + Object
Negative: Subject + 没 + Verb (no 了)
💡 了(2) vs 了(1): 了(2) follows a verb to mark action completion. 了(1) follows a sentence to mark a change of state. They can even occur together: 下雪了 (state) vs. 看了一个电影 (completion).
▶ 大声朗读 Read aloud
（1）我看了一个电影。I watched a movie.
（2）我买了一台新电脑。I bought a new computer.
（3）我昨天没去商店买东西。I didn't go shopping yesterday.
2
离合词（1） Separable Words (1)
本册中的"上课、下课、上班、下班、说话、读书、睡觉、看病、生病"等是一类特殊的动词结构，可分可合。合在一起时是词，中间加其他成分则变成短语，所以被称为离合词。
Words like "上课", "睡觉", "说话" are a special type of verbal structure that can function as single words (combined) or as phrases (separated). Therefore, they are referred to as separable words.
Combined form → use as a word: 睡觉, 上课
Separated form → insert elements: 睡了觉; 睡了一觉; 上了课; 上中文课
⚠️ When separable words are split, only limited types of elements can be inserted (e.g. 了, a measure word phrase, or a modifier).
📋 合（Combined）vs 分（Separated）
| 合 Combined | 分 Separated |
|---|
| 睡觉 | 睡了觉；睡了一觉 |
| 上课 | 上了课；上中文课 |
| 下班 | 下了班 |
| 生病 | 生了病；生了大病 |
| 说话 | 说了话；说了很多话 |
Scene: 在课堂上，王一飞询问学生们的学习情况。
In class, Wang Yifei was asking the students about their learning process.
王飞
王一飞 Wáng Yīfēi
你们会说汉语了，也会写汉字了吗？
Nǐmen huì shuō Hànyǔ le, yě huì xiě Hànzì le ma?
You can speak Chinese now. Can you also write Chinese characters?
白月
白家月 Bái Jiāyuè
我们都会写了。
Wǒmen dōu huì xiě le.
We can all write them now.
陈中
陈天中 Chén Tiānzhōng
老师，我听不见。
Lǎoshī, wǒ tīng bú jiàn.
Teacher, I can't hear you.
王飞
王一飞 Wáng Yīfēi
请大家不要说话！请听老师的问题：你们都会写哪些汉字了？
Qǐng dàjiā búyào shuōhuà! Qǐng tīng lǎoshī de wèntí: nǐmen dōu huì xiě nǎxiē Hànzì le?
Everyone, please stop talking! Listen to my question: Which Chinese characters can you write?
陈中
陈天中 Chén Tiānzhōng
我会写这些字了，您看！
Wǒ huì xiě zhèxiē zì le, nín kàn!
I can write these characters. Look!
⑫
shuōhuà
说话v.
say; speak; talk
▶ tap
⑬
tīng
听v.
listen to; hear
▶ tap
⑭
nǎxiē
哪些pron.
which (ones)
▶ tap
⑮
zì
字n.
character; word
▶ tap
专有名词 Proper Nouns
汉语 Hànyǔ — Chinese language
汉字 Hànzì — Chinese character
3
范围副词"都" Scope Adverb 都
范围副词"都"表示全部、总括，总括的对象在"都"前。否定时，否定词在"都"后。
The scope adverb "都" means "all" or "in general". The object being generalized is placed before "都". When negating, the negative word is placed after "都".
Structure: [All subjects/objects] + 都 + Verb/Adjective
Negative: [subjects] + 都 + 不/没 + Verb
💡 Key rule: The item being "totaled" must come before 都. You cannot say ✗ 都他们去 — it must be ✓ 他们都去。
▶ 大声朗读 Read aloud
（1）我们都会写了。We can all write them now.
（2）我和我的朋友们都去。My friends and I are all going.
（3）同学们都没听见。None of the students heard.
Scene: 在家里，刘明和王一雪在谈论孩子的升学情况。
At home, Liu Ming and Wang Yixue were talking about their children's school admission.
刘明
刘明 Liú Míng
明年女儿上中学。
Míngnián nǚ'ér shàng zhōngxué.
Our daughter will start middle school next year.
王雪
王一雪 Wáng Yīxuě
对。儿子也上小学了。
Duì. Érzi yě shàng xiǎoxué le.
That's right. Our son will also start primary school.
刘明
刘明 Liú Míng
我们家有了一个中学生。
Wǒmen jiā yǒu le yí gè zhōngxuéshēng.
We will have a middle school student in our family.
王雪
王一雪 Wáng Yīxuě
还有了一个小学生。
Hái yǒu le yí gè xiǎoxuéshēng.
And a primary school student.
刘明
刘明 Liú Míng
上学后，他们都忙了。
Shàngxué hòu, tāmen dōu máng le.
Once they start school, they will both be busy.
王雪
王一雪 Wáng Yīxuě
是的。太晚了，睡觉吧。
Shì de. Tài wǎn le, shuìjiào ba.
Yes. It's too late. Let's go to bed.
🔍 小语助力 Xiaoyu's Tip: 还有两个近似代词：一个是"她们"，指称自己和对方以外的若干女性；另一个是"它们"，指称不止一个事物等。三个词读音一样，但所指意义不同。
There are two other similar pronouns: "她们" referring to a group of females, and "它们" referring to more than one thing. These three words share the same pronunciation but differ in meaning.
⑯
míngnián
明年n.
next year
▶ tap
⑰
shàng
上v.
begin to do sth.
▶ tap
⑱
zhōngxué
中学n.
middle school
▶ tap
⑲
xiǎoxué
小学n.
primary school
▶ tap
⑳
zhōngxuéshēng
中学生n.
middle school student
▶ tap
㉑
xiǎoxuéshēng
小学生n.
primary school student
▶ tap
㉒
shàngxué
上学v.
start school; go to school
▶ tap
㉓
tāmen
他们pron.
they; them
▶ tap
㉔
tāmen
她们pron.
they; them (female)
▶ tap
㉕
tāmen
它们pron.
they; them (objects)
▶ tap
选词填空 Choose the proper words to fill in the blanks.
根据课文内容回答问题 Answer the questions according to the text.
（1）车开后，大家在做什么？ What was everyone doing after the train departed?
（2）陈天中为什么没看见王老师？ Why didn't Chen Tianzhong see Ms. Wang?
（3）白家月会写汉字了吗？ Can Bai Jiayue write Chinese characters now?
（4）明年刘明和王一雪的女儿上什么学？ Will both children start the same school next year?
（5）上学后，他们忙不忙？ Will they be busy after starting school?
双人活动 Pair Work
两人一组，说一说上星期六或星期日你都做了什么。
Work in pairs and talk about what you did last Saturday or Sunday.
💡 小语的例子 Xiaoyu's Example
我星期六上午上了中文课，中午吃了饭后休息了一下，下午去商店买了一些东西，晚上和朋友们吃了晚饭。……
On Saturday morning I had a Chinese class, after lunch I rested a bit, in the afternoon I went shopping, and in the evening I had dinner with friends…
💬 Useful expressions:
我看了一个电影。
我睡了一觉。
我们都去了。
有些人在看书。
太晚了，睡觉吧。
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